Intake Structure
Storage Reservoir: Constructed by building a dam/barrage across the river.
Escape structure or spillway: to allow the excess water to pass.
Diversion structure: are to divert the water for the taking it for power generation
Desilting basin: to remove the silt
Trash Rack: to prevent the debris, wooden blocks, stones etc., entering into the power house.
Gates: Intake gates, spillway gates, stoplogs etc., to regulate the flow
Water Conductor System
Tunnel: a underground water conducting passage.
Surge Shaft or Surge Tank: a vertical water storage structure used to store water in case of emergency (prevent water hammer)
Drop shaft a vertical underground water conducting passage
Pressure Shaft a tunnel with high pressure of water used a water conducting passage.
Penstock: a large diameter steel/concrete pipes used to take water from the tunnel or forbay to powerhouse
Penstock Protection Valve (Butterfly Valve): used to isolate the water conducting system with the powerhouse in case of penstock repair or failure
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