Sunday, May 31, 2009
Thursday, May 7, 2009
Some Codes
| 8410 | hydraulic turbines, water wheels & regulators, pts |
| 841011 | Hydraulic Turbines, Water Wheels, of a Power Not Exceeding, 1, 000kw |
| 841012 | Hydraulic Turbines and Water Wheels, Power 1, 000-10, 000kw |
| 841013 | Hydraulic Turbines, Water Wheels, of a Power Exceeding 10, 000kw |
| 841090 | Parts of Hydraulic Turbines and Water Wheels, Including Regulators |
Indian standards
| Guidelines for Selection of Hydraulic Turbine, Preliminary Dimensioning and Layout of Surface Hydroelectric Power Houses - Part 3 : Small, Mini and Micro Hydroelectric Power Houses | Active | |
| Hydraulic Turbines for Medium and Large Power Houses - Guidelines for Selection | Active | |
| Code for model acceptance tests of hydraulic turbines | Active |
Standards
ASME PTC 18-2002, Hydraulic Turbines
and Pump - Turbines
This Code defines procedures for field
performance and acceptance testing of
hydraulic turbines and pump-turbines operating
with water in either the turbine or pump mode.
ASME PTC 29-2005, Speed Governing
Systems for Hydraulic Turbine
Generators Units
The objective of this Code is to provide uniform
test methods and procedures to determine the
performance and operational characteristics of
a hydraulic turbine speed governor. This Code
may be used to conduct factory acceptance
testing or to evaluate the current characteristics
of an installed speed governor. Not all of the
possible results that can be determined by
application of this Code need be part of every
test. Prior to testing, the parties to the test shall
agree whether the Code shall be used in whole
or in part to satisfy individual test objectives.
IEEE 125-1996, Recommended Practice for
Preparation of Equipment Specifications
for Speed-Governing of Hydraulic
Turbines Intended to Drive Electric
Generators
Applies to mechanical-hydraulic or
electric-hydraulic type governors for all type of
hydraulic turbines.
IEEE 810-1994 (R2001), Standard for
Hydraulic Turbine and Generator
Integrally Forged Shaft Couplings and
Shaft Tolerances
Applies to the dimensions of integrally forged
shaft couplings and to the shaft runout
tolerances. Shafts and couplings included in
this standard are used for both horizontal and
vertical connections between generators and
turbines in hydroelectric installations.
IEEE C50.12-2005, Standard for
Salient-Pole 50 and 60 Hz Synchronous
Generators and Generator/Motors for
Hydraulic Turbine Applications Rated 5
MVA and Above
Contains requirements for all types of 50 and
60 Hz salient-pole synchronous generators and
generator/motors rated 5000 kVA and above to
be used for hydraulic turbine or hydraulic
pump/turbine applications.
International Standards
IEC 60041 Ed. 3.0 b:1991
"Field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines"
"Specifies methods for any size and type of impulse or
reaction turbine, storage pump or pump turbine. Determines
whether the contract guarantees have been fulfilled and deals
with the rules governing these tests as well as the methods of
computing the results and the content and style of the final
report. Replaces IEC 60198 (1966) and IEC 60607 (1978). "
IEC 60193 Ed. 2.0 b:1999
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Model acceptance tests "
IEC 60308 Ed. 2.0 b:2005
Hydraulic turbines - Testing of control systems
"Deals with the definition and the characteristics of control systems. It is not limited to the actual controller tasks but also includes other tasks which may be assigned to a control
system, such as sequence control tasks, safety and provision
for the actuating energy. The following systems are included,
speed, power, opening, water level and flow control for all
turbine types; electronic, electrical and fluid power devices;
safety devices as well as start-up and shutdown devices. "
IEC 60545 Ed. 1.0 b:1976
"Guide for commissioning, operation and maintenance of hydraulic turbines"
"Establishes suitable procedures for commissioning, operating
and maintaining hydraulic turbines and associated equipment.
Applies to impulse and reaction turbines of all types, and
especially to large turbines directly coupled to electric
generators. Also applies to pump-turbines when operating as
turbines, and water conduits, gates, valves, drainage pumps,
cooling-water equipment, generators, etc., where they cannot
be separated from the turbine and its equipment. "
IEC 60609-1 Ed. 1.0 b:2004
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Cavitation pitting evaluation -
Part 1: Evaluation in reaction turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines"
"Provides a basis for the formulation of guarantees applied to
cavitation pitting for reaction hydraulic turbines, storage pumps
and pump-turbines. It addresses the measurement and
evaluation of the amount of cavitation pitting on certain
specified machine components for given conditions, which are
defined in the contract by output, specific hydraulic energy (E),
speed, material, operation, etc. The cavitation-pitting
evaluation is based on the loss of material during a given time
and under accurately defined operating conditions. All wetted
surfaces are considered "
IEC 60609-2 Ed. 1.0 b:1997
"Cavitation pitting evaluation in hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Part 2: Evaluation in Pelton turbines "
"This standard serves as a basis for the formulation of
guarantees on cavitation pitting on Pelton turbine runners. It
also provides a basis for the measurement and evaluation of
the amount of cavitation pitting on Pelton turbine runners of a
given turbine, which is defined in the contract by power,
specific hydraulic energy of machine (head), rotational speed,
material, operation etc. Guarantees which restrict the extent of
caviation pitting and drop erosion on Pelton turbies at the end
of an operating period specified in the contract are necessary
when the pitting is expected in all or in some operating
ranges."
IEC 61362 Ed. 1.0 b:1998
Guide to specification of hydraulic turbine control systems
IEC 62237 Ed. 1.0 b:2003
Live working - Insulating hoses with fittings for use with hydraulic tools and equipment
Is applicable to mobile insulating hoses with fittings used with
hydraulic tools and equipment for live working at nominal
voltages exceeding 1 kV r.m.s. at power frequency. Insulating
hoses with fittings are used to provide a connection between
the hydraulic tool and the pump which are at different
potentials. They are not considered as a fixed component of a
live working device (e.g. aerial device). They can be connected
and disconnected under negligible pressure. They can be
directly handled by the user.
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Tendering Documents - Part 1: General and annexes"
IEC/TR 61366-2 Ed. 1.0 en:1998
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Tendering Documents - Part 2: Guidelines for technical specifications for Francis turbines"
IEC/TR 61366-3 Ed. 1.0 en:1998
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Tendering documents - Part 3: Guidelines for technical specifications for Pelton turbines"
IEC/TR 61366-4 Ed. 1.0 en:1998
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Tendering Documents - Part 4: Guidelines for technical specifications for Kaplan and propeller turbines"
IEC/TR 61366-5 Ed. 1.0 en:1998
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Tendering Documents - Part 5: Guidelines for technical specifications for tubular turbines"
IEC/TR 61366-5 Ed. 1.0 en:1998
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Tendering Documents - Part 5: Guidelines for technical specifications for tubular turbines"
IEC/TR 61366-6 Ed. 1.0 en:1998
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Tendering Documents - Part 6: Guidelines for technical specifications for pump-turbines"
IEC/TR 61366-7 Ed. 1.0 en:1998
"Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Tendering Documents - Part 7: Guidelines for technical specifications for storage pumps"
US federal programmes and mandates for turbines
U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory "Coal and Power Systems: Turbines"
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/turbines/index.html
This site explores the Turbine Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy (FE). It provides information about NETL's Turbine Program and its goals, current projects and solicitations, and performance targets of on-going projects.
U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory "Turbine Program: Enabling Near-Zero Emission Coal-Based Power Generation" (June 2005)
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/turbines/refshelf/brochures/Brochure%209-19-05.pdf
This document delineates today’s U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Turbine Program being
implemented by the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The Turbine Program
leverages the knowledge gained in making unprecedented advances in natural gas-fueled turbine
technology under the highly successful, predecessor Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Program.
This knowledge will be applied to support DOE efforts to develop and deploy near-zero emission
(including carbon dioxide) coal-based energy plants capable of producing both electricity and hydrogen.
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, "How Gas Turbine Power Plants Work"
http://fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/turbines/turbines_howitworks.html
A simple cycle gas turbine can achieve energy conversion efficiencies ranging between 20 and 35 percent. With the higher temperatures achieved in the Energy Department's turbine program, future hydrogen and syngas fired gas turbine combined cycle plants are likely to achieve efficiencies of 60 percent or more. When waste heat is captured from these systems for heating or industrial purposes, the overall energy cycle efficiency could approach 80 percent.
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, "The Turbines of Tomorrow"
http://fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/turbines/index.html
The Energy Department's Fossil Energy Program is developing key technologies that will enable advanced turbines to operate cleanly and efficiently when fueled with coal derived synthesis gas and hydrogen fuels. Developing this turbine technology is critical to the creation of near-zero emission power generation technologies. This will assist with the deployment of FutureGen plants that couple production of hydrogen and electricity from coal with sequestration of the carbon dioxide that is produced.
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-MEETINGS/2001/August/Day-24/m21444.htm
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